Technical Paper Title: Web 3.0-A New approach to World Wide Web
Authors: B.Chaitanya Reddy & B.Tejaswi, 2nd BTech, CSE
College: Prakasam Engineering College, Kandukur
Abstract
Web 3.0 is a term used to describe the future of the World Wide Web. Following the introduction of the phrase “Web 2.0” as a description of the recent evolution of the Web, many technologists, journalists, and industry leaders have used the term “Web 3.0” to hypothesize about a future wave of Internet innovation.
Views on the next stage of the World Wide Web’s evolution vary greatly. Some believe that emerging technologies such as the Semantic Web will transform the way the Web is used, and lead to new possibilities in artificial intelligence. Other visionaries suggest that increases in Internet connection speeds, modular web applications, or advances in computer graphics will play the key role in the evolution of the World Wide Web.
I. INTRODUCTION
Just in case you missed it, the web now has version numbers. Nearly three years ago, amid continued hand-wringing over the dot-com crash, a man named Dale Dougherty dreamed up something called Web 2.0, and the idea soon took on a life of its own. In the beginning, it was little more than a rallying cry, a belief that the Internet would rise again. But as Dougherty’s O’Reilly Media put together the first Web 2.0 Conference in late 2005, the term seemed to trumpet a particular kind of online revolution, a World Wide Web of the people.
Web 2.0 came to describe almost any site, service, or technology that promoted sharing and collaboration right down to the Net’s grass roots. That includes blogs and wikis, tags and RSS feeds, del.icio.us and Flickr, MySpace and YouTube. Because the concept blankets so many disparate ideas, some have questioned how meaningful—and how useful—it really is, but there’s little doubt it owns a spot in our collective consciousness. Whether or not it makes sense, we now break the history of the Web into two distinct stages: Today we have Web 2.0, and before that there was Web 1.0.
Fig.1. Web 2.0
Which raises the question: What will Web 3.0 look like? Yes, it’s too early to say for sure. In many ways, even Web 2.0 is a work in progress. But it goes without saying that new Net technologies are always under development—inside universities, think tanks, and big corporations, as much as Silicon Valley start-ups—and blogs are already abuzz with talk of the Web’s next generation.
To many, Web 3.0 is something called the Semantic Web, a term coined by Tim Berners-Lee, the man who invented the (first) World Wide Web. In essence, the Semantic Web is a place where machines can read Web pages much as we humans read them, a place where search engines and software agents can better troll the Net and find what we’re looking for. “It’s a set of standards that turns the Web into one big database,” says Nova Spivack, CEO of Radar Networks, one of the leading voices of this new-age Internet.
II. History
The term Web 3.0 first appeared prominently in early 2006 in a blog article by Jeffrey Zeldman critical of Web 2.0 and associated technologies such as Ajax.
The Difference Between Web 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0
We all hear the term “web 2.0″ being used hundreds of times a week. It’s all over the Internet and it pervades modern technical conversation to the point of being cliché. But what does “2.0″ really mean? What came before it? And what’s coming next? Here are some basics.We all hear the term “web 2.0″ being used hundreds of times a week. It’s all over the Internet and it pervades modern technical conversation to the point of being cliché. But what does “2.0″ really mean? What came before it? And what’s coming next? Here are some basics.
1. Web 1.0 A system of interlinked, hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. With a Web browser, a user views Web pages that may contain text, images, and other multimedia and navigates between them using hyperlinks. Companies publish content that people consume (e.g. CNN)
2. Web 2.0 A perceived second generation of web-based communities and hosted services — such as social-networking sites, wikis and folksonomies — which facilitate collaboration and sharing between users. People publish content that other people can consume, companies build platforms that let people publish content for other people (e.g. Flickr, YouTube, Adsense, Wikipedia, Blogger, MySpace, RSS, Digg)
3. Web 3.0 This is the current holy grail — the semantic web. The semantic web represents a shift from documents to data, meaning that data will be presented to humans and computers alike that can be manipulated in various ways.
The semantic web is an evolving extension of the World Wide Web in which web content can be expressed not only in natural language, but also in a form that can be read and used by software agents, thus permitting them to find, share and integrate information more easily. Using the semantic web will be similar to asking a personal assistant to help you accomplish something. You might say, “Find me all bilingual Porsche dealers within 200 miles that are open on Sunday, and add their sales staff contacts information to my address book. Also, let me know if any of their employees have published contacts within 2 degrees of separation from me.” This will be possible because all that information (business type, language proficiencies, location, contact information, etc.) will be available through the company’s Internet presence. And most importantly, this information will be easily processed and manipulated by any semantically-aware software agent. That’s web 3.0. People build applications that other people can interact with, companies build platforms that let people publish services by leveraging the associations between people or special content (e.g. FaceBook, My Yahoo!) Google Maps
III. innovations associated with “Web 3.0″
Fig.2. The Changing Intraweb-From 1.0 to 3.0
Web-based applications and desktoAps
Web 3.0 technologies, such as intelligent software that utilize semantic data, have been implemented and used on a small scale by multiple companies for the purpose of more efficient data manipulation. In recent years, however, there has been an increasing focus on bringing semantic web technologies to the general public.
- A. Transforming the Web into a database
The first step towards a “Web 3.0” is the emergence of “The Data Web” as structured data records are published to the Web in reusable and remotely queryable formats, such as XML, RDF and microformats. The recent growth of SPARQL technology provides a standardized query language and API for searching across distributed RDF databases on the Web. The Data Web enables a new level of data integration and application interoperability, making data as openly accessible and linkable as Web pages. The Data Web is the first step on the path towards the full Semantic Web. In the Data Web phase, the focus is principally on making structured data available using RDF. The full Semantic Web stage will widen the scope such that both structured data and even what is traditionally thought of as unstructured or semi-structured content (such as Web pages, documents, etc.) will be widely available in RDF and OWL semantic formats.
- B. An evolutionary path to artificial intelligence
Web 3.0 has also been used to describe an evolutionary path for the Web that leads to artificial intelligence that can reason about the Web in a quasi-human fashion. However, companies such as IBM and Google are implementing new technologies that are yielding surprising information such as making predictions of hit songs from mining information on college music Web sites. There is also debate over whether the driving force behind Web 3.0 will be intelligent systems, or whether intelligence will emerge in a more organic fashion, from systems of intelligent people, such as via collaborative filtering services like del.icio.us, Flickr and Digg that extract meaning and order from the existing Web and how people interact with it.
C. The realization of the Semantic Web and SOA
Related to the artificial intelligence direction, Web 3.0 could be the realization and extension of the Semantic web concept. Academic research is being conducted to develop software for reasoning, based on description logic and intelligent agents. Such applications can perform logical reasoning operations using sets of rules that express logical relationships between concepts and data on the Web. Sramana Mitra differs on the viewpoint that Semantic Web would be the essence of the next generation of the Internet and proposes a formula to encapsulate Web 3.0. Web 3.0 has also been linked to a possible convergence of Service-oriented architecture and the Semantic web.
D. Evolution towards 3D
Another possible path for Web 3.0 is towards the 3 dimensional vision championed by the Web3D Consortium. This would involve the Web transforming into a series of 3D spaces, taking the concept realized by Second Life further. This could open up new ways to connect and collaborate using 3D shared spaces. Web 3.0 as an “Executable” Web Abstraction Layer Where Web 1.0 was a “read-only” web, with content being produced by in large by the organizations backing any given site, and Web 2.0 was an extension into the “read-write” web that engaged users in an active role, Web 3.0 could extend this one step further by allowing people to modify the site itself. With the still exponential growth of computer power, it is not inconceivable that the next generation of sites will be equipped with the resources to
Fig. The Semantic Web run user-contributed code on them.
E. Proposed expanded definition
Nova Spivack defines Web 3.0 as the third decade of the Web (2010–2020) during which he suggests several major complementary technology trends will reach new levels of maturity simultaneously including:
Transformation of the Web from a network of separately soiled applications and content repositories to a more seamless and interoperable whole.
Ubiquitous connectivity, broadband adoption, mobile Internet access and mobile devices;
Network computing, software-as-a-service business models, Web services interoperability, distributed computing, grid computing and cloud computing;
Open technologies, open APIs and protocols, open data formats, open-source software platforms and open data (e.g. Creative Commons, Open Data License);
Open identity, OpenID, open reputation, roaming portable identity and personal data;
The intelligent web, Semantic Web technologies such as RDF, OWL, SWRL, SPARQL, GRDDL, semantic application platforms, and statement-based datastores;
Distributed databases, the “World Wide Database” (enabled by Semantic Web technologies); and
Intelligent applications, natural language processing, machine learning, machine reasoning, and autonomous agents.
B. Tomorrow’s Web, Today
In some respects, Web 3.0 is nothing more than a parlor game. Ideas tossed out here and there. But at the very least, these ideas have roots in current trends. Many companies, from HP and Yahoo! to Radar Networks, are adopting official Semantic Web standards. Polar Rose and Ojos are improving image search. Google and Microsoft are moving toward 3D. No one can predict what Web 3.0 will look like. But one thing’s for sure: It’ll happen.
Fig.. Second Life
C. Future invasion of Web 3.0
What will Web 3.0 look like? Who knows? But here are a few possibilities.
A. The Semantic Web
A Web where machines can read sites as easily as humans read them (almost). You ask your machine to check your schedule against the schedules of all the dentists and doctors within a 10-mile radius—and it obeys.
B. The 3D Web
A Web you can walk through. Without leaving your desk, you can go house hunting across town or take a tour of Europe. Or you can walk through a Second Life–style virtual world, surfing for data and interacting with others in 3D.
C. The Media-Centric Web
A Web where you can find media using other media—not just keywords. You supply, say, a photo of your favorite painting and your search engines turn up hundreds of similar paintings.
D. The Pervasive Web
A Web that’s everywhere. On your PC. On your cell phone. On your clothes and jewelry. Spread throughout your home and office. Even your bedroom windows are online, checking the weather, so they know when to open and close.
What if, in the future
In the web 2.0 generation, web sites began to do amazing things to break through the limitations of their underlying protocol and markup language (http and HTML, respectively). In a way, this would be like “Web 2.0 meets massively multiplayer online gaming”. I don’t like the word gaming here as it suggests something that is only for entertainment, and ultimately, inconsequential. Rather, I believe that true value and immediate person-to-person interaction will be possible, be it on a commercial, scientific, entertainment, or personal level. Our own contribution to the growing number of new web 2.x – or shall we dare call it web 3.0 – applications is TheBroth, The Global Mosaic. This is a web site where you can collaborate in real time with other users from around the world, dragging tiles to create mosaic-like artworks with other users in the room. It fulfills the paradigm described in this article, namely web 2.0 with all the trimmings, user generated content, blogs, a social networking system, chat, forum, sharing, rating, commenting, you name it but it adds another dimension by being LIVE (as seen )on the live player map, active rooms page, site map [3]. thing of the past, so much so that in the web 3.0 era, by means of evolution and the pressure to adapt, only quality sites that really are user-centric and user-friendly will prevail. One can only hope.[3]
CONCLUSION:
We don’t know yet whether there will be another noticeable paradigm shift that yet again will give a new moniker to a new type of web site. Maybe from now on the web will continue to develop in a rather fluid manner and we may not see another discrete change as seen with what we now, in hindsight, label web 2.0. What we do know is that more and more users come to the internet, and with ADSL2+ and cable more and more users have high speed internet access that is now fast enough to make online video a serious threat to TV ratings. New internet users that are now coming to the web, uninfluenced by the web-that-was, expect services to be timely, uninterrupted, error free, and above all, intuitive to use, with a friendly and inviting look that makes the term “user friendly website” a pleonasm,
References
[1] http://www.pcmag.com/ article2/0,1759,2102852,00.asp
[2] http://www.information-nline.com/Web+3.0.127.node
[3]http://www.thebroth.com/blog/194/web-20-massively-multiplayer-web-30
[4] http://www.awadallah.com/blog/2007/08/25/define-web-30-web-20-web-10/
[5] http://dmiessler.com/blog/the-difference-between-web-10-20-and-30